Information+System

An information system(IS) can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminate information in an organization.

INFORMATION SYSTEM RESOURCES The basic IS model shows that an information system consists of five major resources: • People resources • Hardware resources • Software resources • Data resources • Network resources



Types of Information System:

**Information Systems perform important operational and managerial support roles in businesses and other organizations. Therefore, several types of information systems can be classified conceptually as either:**


 * • Operations Support Systems**
 * • Management Support Systems**


 * Operations Support Systems**
 * Information systems are needed to process data generated by and used in business operations. Sucho p erat i ons support systems (OSS) produce a variety of information products for internal and external use. However, they do not emphasize producing the specific information products that can best be used by managers. Further processing by management information systems is usually required.**


 * The role of a business firm’s operations support systems is to:**
 * • Effectively process business transactions**
 * • Control industrial processes**
 * • Support enterprise communications and collaboration**
 * • Update corporate databases**

**Focus on processing the data generated by business transactions and operations.Transaction processing systems record and process data resulting from business transactions (sales, purchases, inventory changes). TPS also produce a variety of information products for internal or external use (customer statements, employee paychecks, sales receipts etc.).** **TPS process transactions in two basic ways:**
 * Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)**
 * • Batch Processing** **- transactions data is accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically.**
 * •****Real-time (or online) processing** **- data is processed immediately after a transaction occurs.**

• Collaborate- to communicate ideas • Share resources • Co-ordinate our cooperative work efforts as members of the many formal and informal process and project teams. The goal of enterprise collaboration systems is to use information technology to enhance the productivity and creativity of teams and workgroups in the modern business enterprise. • Management Information Systems (MIS) • Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Executive Information Systems (EIS) • On demand. • Periodically, according to a predetermined schedule. • Whenever exceptional conditions occur. decision-making processes of managerial end users. Executive information systems provide top and middle management with immediate and easy access to selective information about key factors that are critical to accomplishing a firm’s strategic objectives. EIS are easy to operate and understand. Several other categories of information systems that support either operations or management applications include: • Expert Systems • Knowledge Management Systems • Functional Business Information Systems • Strategic Information Systems • Cross-functional Information Systems Prof. Anatoly Sachenko
 * Process Control Systems (PCS)** **- Process control systems are systems, which make use of computers to control ongoing physical processes. These computers are designed to automatically make decisions, which adjust the physical production process. Examples include petroleum refineries and the assembly lines of automated factories.**
 * Enterprise Collaboration** **Systems** **- Enterprise collaboration systems are information systems that use a variety of** **information technologies** **to help people work together. Enterprise collaboration systems help us:**
 * Management Support Systems (MSS)** -
 * Management support** **systems** focus on providing information and support for effective decision making by managers. They support the decision-making needs of strategic (top) management, tactical (middle) management, and operating (supervisory) management. Conceptually, several major types of information systems support a variety of decision-making responsibilities:
 * Management information** **systems** are the most common form of management support systems. They provide managerial end users with information products that support much of their day-to-day decision-making needs. MIS provide a variety of prespecified information (reports) and displays to management that can be used to help them make more effective, structured types of day-to-day decisions. Information products provided to managers include displays and reports that can be furnished:
 * Decision support systems** provide managerial end users with information in an interactive session on an ad hoc (as needed) basis. Managers generate the information they need for more unstructured types of decisions in an interactive, computer-based information system that uses decision models and specialized databases to assist the
 * Other Classifications of Information Systems**: